{"id":22495,"date":"2024-07-11T11:26:40","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T09:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/?p=22495"},"modified":"2025-01-30T18:44:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T17:44:03","slug":"von-neumann-e-la-storia-del-calcolatore-universale-maniac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/it\/divulgazione\/von-neumann-e-la-storia-del-calcolatore-universale-maniac\/","title":{"rendered":"Von Neumann e la storia del calcolatore universale MANIAC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--StartFragment --><strong><span class=\"cf0\">La rubrica \u201c<\/span><span class=\"cf1\">La Scienza nella Letteratura e nell<\/span><span class=\"cf2\">\u2019<\/span><span class=\"cf1\">Arte<\/span><span class=\"cf3\">\u201d<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> si dedica a un volume nel quale la scienza, nelle sue molteplici sfaccettature, \u00e8 sicuramente protagonista indiscussa: si tratta di &#8220;<\/span><span class=\"cf1\">Maniac<\/span><span class=\"cf1\">&#8220;<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> (Adelphi) di <\/span><span class=\"cf0\">Benjam\u00edn<\/span> <span class=\"cf0\">Labatut<\/span><span class=\"cf0\">.<\/span><\/strong><!--EndFragment --><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-22607\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GettyImages-519752727-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GettyImages-519752727-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GettyImages-519752727-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GettyImages-519752727-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Von Neumann<\/strong> era un genio assoluto. A due anni sapeva leggere, a 6 parlava perfettamente 5 lingue tra cui il latino e il greco antico ed \u00e8 stata una delle menti pi\u00f9 brillanti ed eclettiche del \u2018900 e, probabilmente, della storia della matematica. Il suo collega e amico Eugene Wigner disse che a questo mondo ci sono due tipi di persone: Jancsi von Neumann e il resto di noi.<\/p>\n<p>Ad una capacit\u00e0 di calcolo e di risoluzione dei problemi assolutamente strabiliante univa una naturale e sorprendente propensione a spaziare nei campi pi\u00f9 disparati della scienza. Era sicuro di poter ricondurre tutto a una logica, a un metodo scientifico e di poter trovare le basi matematiche della realt\u00e0. Contribu\u00ec allo sviluppo della bomba atomica, scrisse assieme a Morgenstern uno dei testi pi\u00f9 influenti della storia dell\u2019economia intitolato \u201c<strong>Theory of Games and Economic Behavior<\/strong>\u201d e influenz\u00f2 con i propri scritti una infinit\u00e0 di scienziati nei settori pi\u00f9 diversi.<\/p>\n<p>Quando ide\u00f2 il <strong>calcolatore universale MANIAC <\/strong>pose le basi dello sconfinato sviluppo dell\u2019informatica e dell\u2019intelligenza artificiale. Il premio Nobel per la medicina Sydney Brenner, che ha contribuito a scoprire il ruolo svolto dall\u2019RNA messaggero in tutte le cellule viventi, ha pi\u00f9 volte dichiarato di essersi ispirato a un articolo non particolarmente noto di Von Neumann in cui veniva costruito un potente esperimento mentale per creare una <strong>macchina autoreplicante<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In maniera straordinaria e in clamoroso anticipo con i tempi venivano stabilite le regole logiche alla base di tutte le modalit\u00e0 di auto replicazione biologiche, meccaniche e digitali. Von Neumann dimostr\u00f2 che \u00e8 necessario un meccanismo che riproduca non solo un determinato essere, ma anche le istruzioni che caratterizzano quell\u2019essere. Di fatto illustr\u00f2, con anni di anticipo, il modo in cui funzionano il DNA e l\u2019RNA. Molti colleghi lo consideravano, scherzosamente, un alieno.<\/p>\n<p>Per approfondire la vita straordinaria di <strong>Von Neumann<\/strong> \u00e8 appena uscito anche un altro libro Adelphi intitolato \u201cL&#8217;uomo venuto dal futuro\u201d di Ananyo Bhattacharya.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il calcolatore universale MANIAC pose le basi dell\u2019intelligenza artificiale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":22501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1222],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Von Neumann e la storia del calcolatore universale MANIAC - Toscana Life Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toscanalifesciences.org\/it\/divulgazione\/von-neumann-e-la-storia-del-calcolatore-universale-maniac\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Von Neumann e la storia del calcolatore universale MANIAC - 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